England
The United Kingdom (English: England, British) is a federation located in the northwest of Europe. It consists of the islands of Great Britain and the northern part of the island of Ireland, and shares borders with Ireland and France. The terrain is flat, and due to the influence of the warm currents of the North Atlantic, it has a relatively mild climate even at high latitudes. Major cities include the capital, London (population approximately 8.54 million as of 2014), and Birmingham (1.1 million as of 2014). As of 2016, the total population is approximately 65.11 million people living in a total area of approximately 242,000 km2.
It has been a traditional industrial country since the Industrial Revolution, and as of 2015, the secondary industry population accounts for 18.6% of the population. The primary industry population is around 1.1%, but the food self-sufficiency rate is nearly 60%, and the country produces dairy products, barley, wheat, hops, etc. In the financial industry, the City of London is considered to be a global financial center on a par with New York.
The political system is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, is also head of the Commonwealth and head of state of 16 countries. It is a member of NATO and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. It joined the European Community (EC) in 1973 but did not join the single currency (the euro) (the currency is the pound), and in 2016 it decided to leave the EU in a referendum.
The official language is English. Ethnic groups include Germanic English (83.6%), Celtic Scottish (8.6 %), and Welsh (4.9 %) (as of 2001). There are also many immigrants from former colonies such as Africa, India, and Pakistan. In terms of religion, 71.6% are Christian Anglican, followed by Islam (2.7%) (ibid.).
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